May gold be bought by instalments or on credit?
Short answer
Selling gold for money on a term is not permissible; rather mutual hand-over in the session is a condition when exchanging gold for currency.
Evidence and explanation
He cited the hadith of the usurious commodities and the condition of 'hand to hand' when the kind differs between gold and currency.
Scholar referenced
This editorial summary is based on the original source linked below and is not presented as a verbatim quotation from the scholar.
From the text of the answer (Arabic, with an English translation)
Original answer — Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Baz
حكم بيع الذهب بالدين مع التقسيط — فتوى ٣٢٥٢- Question
«تجار الجملة يبيعون الذهب بالدين، ويسدد بأقساط، فمثلًا يشتري بائع الذهب المفرق بمائة ألف، أو أقل، أو أكثر، ويسددها أقساطًا، فهل في هذا إثم.. ذهب بذهب بفارق الصنعة؟»
English translation (unreviewed): Wholesale traders sell gold on credit, and it is paid in instalments. For example, a retail gold seller buys for a hundred thousand, or less or more, and pays in instalments. Is there sin in this ... gold for gold with a difference for workmanship?
- From the text of the answer
«هذا لا يجوز، بيع الذهب، أو غيره من العٌمَل إلى أجل، لا يجوز هذا ربًا، فإذا باع ذهبًا بدولار، أو بجنيه استرليني، أو بدينار أردني، أو عراقي، أو غير ذلك، أو بالعملة السعودية نسيئة، أو مع التفرق من غير قبض، هذا هو الربا.»
English translation (unreviewed): This is not permissible: selling gold, or other currencies, for a term is not permissible; it is riba. If he sells gold for dollars, or pounds sterling, or Jordanian or Iraqi dinars, or otherwise, or for Saudi currency on credit, or with separation without handing over, this is riba.
- Evidence as the shaykh cited it
«ولما اشترى رجل قلادة يوم خيبر، قلادة فيها ذهب وخرز؛ أنكر عليه النبي ﷺ وقال: لا تباع حتى تفصل يعني: لا تباع حتى يفصل الذهب لحاله، والخرز لحاله، وهذا الذي يفعله يقولون: هذا مقابل الصيغة، هذا غلط، الواجب أن يباع الذهب بعملة أخرى حتى لا يقع الربا، أما ذهب بذهب، ولو كان هذا أطيب، وهذا أردأ لا بد يكون مثلًا بمثل.»
English translation (unreviewed): When a man bought a necklace on the day of Khaybar, a necklace containing gold and beads, the Prophet ﷺ rebuked him and said: “It is not to be sold until it is separated”, meaning it is not sold until the gold is separated by itself and the beads by themselves. As for those who do this, they say it is in exchange for the workmanship; this is wrong. The duty is that the gold be sold for another currency so that riba does not occur. As for gold for gold, even if this one is better and this one inferior, it must be like for like.
«ولما اشترى بعض الصحابة الصاعين من التمر بثلاثة آصاع من التمر؛ أنكر عليه النبي ﷺ وقال: أوه -أي- عين الربا، مع أن الصاعين أفضل من الثلاثة؛ لأنه تمر طيب، لكن أنكر عليه النبي ﷺ قال: عين الربا لا تفعل، بع الجمع بالدراهم ثم اشتر بالدراهم جنيبًا يعني تمرًا طيبًا.»
English translation (unreviewed): When one of the Companions bought two sa's of dates for three sa's of dates, the Prophet ﷺ rebuked him and said: “Oh! — the very essence of riba”, although the two sa's were better than the three, because it was fine dates; but the Prophet ﷺ rebuked him and said: “The very essence of riba; do not do it. Sell the mixed dates for dirhams, then buy with the dirhams janib”, meaning fine dates.
The Arabic excerpts matched the original page word for word by an automated check and have not had human scholarly review. The English translations are unreviewed translations made for this site; they are not an approved Shari‘ah translation. Rely on the Arabic original.
Source
Ruling on selling gold on debt with instalments
Title of the original page (Arabic): حكم بيع الذهب بالدين مع التقسيط
Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Baz, may Allah have mercy on him