When is the expiation of a vow the expiation of an oath?
Short answer
In a vow that runs like an oath or that cannot be fulfilled in the form mentioned in the fatwa, its expiation is the expiation of an oath; as for a vow of obedience, it must be fulfilled if possible.
Evidence and explanation
The Shaykh distinguished between a vow of obedience and others, and mentioned the expiation of an oath in the case asked about.
Scholar referenced
This editorial summary is based on the original source linked below and is not presented as a verbatim quotation from the scholar.
From the text of the answer (Arabic, with an English translation)
Original answer — Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Baz
كفارة النذر — فتوى ١١٥٣٨- Question
«السائلة (م) رمزت لاسمها بهذا الرمز من سلطنة عمان تقول: نذر أبي أن يزوج إحدى أخواتي لأحد أبناء أخيه المتوفى، ما رأيكم في هذا النذر؟ وهل يجوز؟ وما موقف أبي حينما يرفض ابن عمي؟ وما هي الكفارة في ذلك؟»
English translation (unreviewed): The questioner (M.) who abbreviated her name, from the Sultanate of Oman, says: My father vowed to marry one of my sisters to one of the sons of his deceased brother. What is your view of this vow? Is it permissible? And what is my father's position if my cousin refuses? And what is the expiation in that?
- From the text of the answer
«إن تيسر للوالد النذر، وافقت البنت والولد؛ فلا بأس، وإلا عليه كفارة اليمين، ولا ينبغي له النذر، لكن إذا نذر أنه يزوج فلانة ابن عمها فلانًا، ورضوا كلهم، ووافقوا؛ فالحمد لله. أما إذا أبوا، أبى الزوج، أو أبت المرأة؛ لا يجبر أحد، وعليه كفارة يمين عن نذره، كفارة النذر، كفارة يمين في مثل هذا النذر الذي يسمى، والنذر الذي بمعنى اليمين، مثل: أن ينذر أنه يعزم فلانًا، أو ينذر أنه يأكل طعام فلان، أو ينذر أنه يزوج فلانة، أو يزوج فلانًا، ولا يتيسر؛ فعليه كفارة يمين.»
English translation (unreviewed): If it is possible for the father [to fulfil] the vow and the girl and the boy agree, there is no harm; otherwise he owes the expiation of an oath, and he should not make vows. But if he vowed to marry so-and-so to her cousin so-and-so and they all agree and consent, then praise be to Allah. But if they refuse, the husband refuses or the woman refuses, nobody is compelled, and he owes the expiation of an oath for his vow. The expiation of the vow is the expiation of an oath, in such a vow that is named, a vow that has the meaning of an oath, such as vowing to invite so-and-so, or vowing to eat so-and-so's food, or vowing to marry so-and-so (female) or so-and-so (male), and it is not possible: he owes the expiation of an oath.
The Arabic excerpts matched the original page word for word by an automated check and have not had human scholarly review. The English translations are unreviewed translations made for this site; they are not an approved Shari‘ah translation. Rely on the Arabic original.
Source
Expiation of a vow
Title of the original page (Arabic): كفارة النذر
Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Baz, may Allah have mercy on him