What should one do who slept through Fajr and woke only after the time ended?
Short answer
If sleep overcame him while he took the means, he prays Fajr when he wakes, and he may not be lax in the means of waking for the prayer in its time.
Evidence and explanation
The Shaykh cited the hadith “Whoever sleeps through a prayer or forgets it, let him pray it when he remembers it.”
Scholar referenced
This editorial summary is based on the original source linked below and is not presented as a verbatim quotation from the scholar.
From the text of the answer (Arabic, with an English translation)
Original answer — Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Baz
وجوب العناية بالاستيقاظ لصلاة الفجر — فتوى ٢٠٤٧٤- Question
«إذا نام الإنسان عن صلاة الفجر، فهل يؤتيه الله أجر باقي صلوات اليوم أم لا؟ وإذا قضاها بعد أن يستيقظ من نومه فهل تقبل منه؟»
English translation (unreviewed): If a person sleeps through the Fajr prayer, does Allah give him the reward of the rest of the day's prayers or not? And if he makes it up after waking from his sleep, is it accepted from him?
- From the text of the answer
«ثبت عن الرسول، ﷺ، أنه قال: من نام عن الصلاة أو نسيها فليصلها إذا ذكرها، لا كفارة لها إلا ذلك [١] ، وهذا يعم صلاة الصبح وغيرها. أما الصلوات التي بعدها فإذا حافظ عليها وأداها في وقتها لم يضره نومه عن الصلاة التي قبلها، وأجره تام على حسب عمله واجتهاده في صلاته.»
English translation (unreviewed): It is established from the Messenger, ﷺ, that he said: “Whoever sleeps through a prayer or forgets it, let him pray it when he remembers it; there is no expiation for it other than that” [1], and this includes the Subh prayer and others. As for the prayers after it, if he is regular in them and performs them in their time, his sleeping through the prayer before does not harm him, and his reward is complete according to his action and his effort in his prayer.
The Arabic excerpts matched the original page word for word by an automated check and have not had human scholarly review. The English translations are unreviewed translations made for this site; they are not an approved Shari‘ah translation. Rely on the Arabic original.
Source
The duty of taking care to wake for the Fajr prayer
Title of the original page (Arabic): وجوب العناية بالاستيقاظ لصلاة الفجر
Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Baz, may Allah have mercy on him