Who is the mahram for a woman in travel?
Short answer
The mahram is the man whom the woman is permanently forbidden to marry through lineage or a recognised permissible cause, and a foreign woman does not take the place of a mahram.
Evidence and explanation
The Shaykh cited the hadith “A woman should not travel except with a mahram” and the hadith forbidding seclusion.
Scholar referenced
This editorial summary is based on the original source linked below and is not presented as a verbatim quotation from the scholar.
From the text of the answer (Arabic, with an English translation)
Original answer — Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Baz
ضابط المحرم — فتوى ١٤٠٤٢- Question
«هل تعتبر المرأة محرمًا للمرأة الأجنبية في السفر والجلوس ونحو ذلك أم لا؟»
English translation (unreviewed): Is a woman considered a mahram for a foreign woman in travel, sitting together and the like, or not?
- From the text of the answer
«ليست المرأة محرمًا لغيرها، إنما المحرم هو الرجل الذي تحرم عليه المرأة بنسب كأبيها وأخيها، أو سبب مباح كالزوج وأبي الزوج وابن الزوج، وكالأب من الرضاع والأخ من الرضاع ونحوهما. ولا يجوز للرجل أن يخلو بالمرأة الأجنبية ولا أن يسافر بها؛ لقول النبي ﷺ: لا تسافر المرأة إلا مع ذي محرم [١] متفق على صحته، ولقوله ﷺ: لا يخلون رجل بامرأة فإن ثالثهما الشيطان [٢] رواه الإمام أحمد وغيره من حديث عمر بإسناد صحيح [٣] .»
English translation (unreviewed): A woman is not a mahram for another. The mahram is only the man whom the woman is forbidden to marry through lineage, like her father and brother, or a permissible cause such as the husband, the husband's father and the husband's son, and like the foster father and foster brother and the like. It is not permissible for a man to be alone with a foreign woman nor to travel with her, because of the saying of the Prophet ﷺ: “A woman should not travel except with a mahram” [1], agreed upon as authentic, and his saying ﷺ: “No man is alone with a woman, for the third of them is Satan” [2], reported by Imam Ahmad and others from the hadith of 'Umar with a sound chain [3].
The Arabic excerpts matched the original page word for word by an automated check and have not had human scholarly review. The English translations are unreviewed translations made for this site; they are not an approved Shari‘ah translation. Rely on the Arabic original.
Source
The criterion of the mahram
Title of the original page (Arabic): ضابط المحرم
Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Baz, may Allah have mercy on him