May zakat be given to a poor brother or sister?
Short answer
It is permissible to pay zakat to a needy brother or sister if they are eligible for zakat and their maintenance is not obligatory on the one giving in the case mentioned.
Evidence and explanation
The Shaykh cited the hadith that charity given to a relative is charity and maintaining ties, and excepted ascendants and descendants whose maintenance is obligatory.
Scholar referenced
This editorial summary is based on the original source linked below and is not presented as a verbatim quotation from the scholar.
From the text of the answer (Arabic, with an English translation)
Original answer — Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Baz
حكم دفع الزكاة للأخ والأخت والعم والعمة وسائر الأقارب — فتوى ٦٧٢٥- Question
«هل تجوز الزكاة من الأخ لأخيه المحتاج (عائل ويعمل ولكن دخله لا يكفيه)؟ وكذلك هل تجوز للعم الفقير؟ وكذلك هل تدفع المرأة زكاة مالها لأخيها أو عمتها أو أختها؟»
English translation (unreviewed): Is zakat permissible from a brother to his needy brother (who supports a family and works, but his income does not suffice him)? And likewise is it permissible to a poor paternal uncle? And may a woman pay the zakat of her money to her brother or paternal aunt or sister?
- From the text of the answer
«لا حرج في دفع الرجل أو المرأة زكاتهما للأخ الفقير والأخت الفقيرة والعم الفقير والعمة الفقيرة وسائر الأقارب الفقراء؛ لعموم الأدلة بل الزكاة فيهم صدقة وصلة؛ لقول النبي ﷺ: الصدقة في المسكين صدقة وفي ذي الرحم صدقة وصلة [١] . ما عدا الوالدين وإن علوا، والأولاد ذكورًا أو إناثًا وإن نزلوا، فإنها لا تدفع إليهم الزكاة ولو كانوا فقراء، بل يلزمه أن ينفق عليهم من ماله إذا استطاع ذلك، ولم يوجد من يقوم بالإنفاق عليهم سواه [٢] .»
English translation (unreviewed): There is no harm in a man or woman paying their zakat to a poor brother, poor sister, poor paternal uncle, poor paternal aunt and other poor relatives, because of the general evidences; indeed zakat given to them is charity and maintaining ties, because of the saying of the Prophet ﷺ: “Charity given to a poor person is charity, and given to a relative it is charity and maintaining ties” [1]. Except the parents however high, and children, male or female, however low: zakat is not paid to them even if they are poor; rather he must spend on them from his money if he is able and there is nobody other than him to spend on them [2].
The Arabic excerpts matched the original page word for word by an automated check and have not had human scholarly review. The English translations are unreviewed translations made for this site; they are not an approved Shari‘ah translation. Rely on the Arabic original.
Source
Ruling on paying zakat to a brother, sister, paternal uncle, paternal aunt and other relatives
Title of the original page (Arabic): حكم دفع الزكاة للأخ والأخت والعم والعمة وسائر الأقارب
Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Baz, may Allah have mercy on him